Seminar Outline
I.
Introduction
Increase
awareness and understanding of negotiation as a
strategic tool for your business
Tools and
rules for negotiations
Enhancement
of negotiation skills you already have both personally
and professionally
Lecture,
individual and group problems
Active
participation
Application
of tools to a personal negotiation
Facilities,
breaks, lunch etc
Credits –
Harvard & Roger Fisher, William Ury and Bruce Patton
II.
Negotiations
Why do we
need to understand it and be better at it?
It is NOT:
Mediation/arbitration: a mechanisms for settlement -
between conflicting parties to provide reconciliation
Compromise: a
mechanism for reaching settlement usually in some middle
ground - a settlement of differences by mutual
agreement, often by splitting issues in half
It IS:
Negotiation:
an active process - the capability to deal with some
matter that requires ability for its successful handling
“To discuss
with a view to reaching agreement”
For our
purposes, its goals include:
To get what
you want and need
To allow
others to substantially get what they need
To have the
opportunity to see options and alternatives
To establish
a relationship for current & future dealings
To reach a
solid agreement
Rules and
procedures
Review
-
Preparation
-
Defining
the issues (Interests of the Parties)
What is the
negotiation about?
-
Who
are the interested parties?
Knowing who
is involved and who might be effected
-
Avoid
“positional bargaining”
Removes
essential elements needed to achieve a productive result
Limited options and alternatives
Active
defense not proactive offense
Immediate
challenge to other side
Limits mutual
interests
Try removing
the term “position” from your vocabulary for the next 2
days
Review some
of the “elements” from homework that students think
should be in any negotiation. List & then go though
yours.
-
GOALS
-What you want
Key words or
phrases:
What we need
is…
The contract
calls for…
We require….
-
ALTERNATIVES – a choice between 2 or more things, only
one of which may be chosen
Key words or
phrases:
Our back-up
plan is …
What happens
if we can’t…
Our
competitor will….
-
OPTIONS
- the freedom to look at a variety of potential
choices. (It differs from an alternative in that it is
used to further an existing negotiation by looking at
all of the different ways to do the deal.)
Key words or
phrases:
Another way
we might look at this is…
What if we…
Why don't we
add (subtract) …
-
OBJECTIVE CRITERIA – data or information usually from
third parties or non-biased scientific observation
which may serve to support points in a negotiation
Key words or
phrases:
Our
information indicates…
This report
shows…
These
statistics will show…
-
COMMUNICATION – the art of being understood correctly
Key words or
phrases:
Correct me if
I am wrong…
I understand
you to say…
It sounds to
me like you…
-
RELATIONSHIPS– establishing an ongoing dialog based
upon mutual respect and understanding
Key words or
phrases:
As we work
together in the future, I feel that we need...
How would you
feel about…
How can we
jointly…
-
AGREEMENT– mutual understanding and concurrence of
terms -
Key words or
phrases:
Lets review
our understanding…
I agree to…
We have a
deal….
Elements
Checklist
Rules,
procedures & case review
Negotiation
Review
Hard/Soft
Negotiation Choice Exercise
An
alternative type – OPTIMIZER (Fisher calls it
Principled)
Effect of 3
negotiation types - (use of the elements)
Goals - yours
only; your position - your victory
Alternatives
- leave few for them; negotiate as close to their bottom
line as possible
Options -
overstate what you want & give things up with reluctance
Objective
Criteria - your logic/information is reasonable; theirs
is unreasonable
Communication
- argue/defend your position; negate theirs
Relationships
- the relationship exists only so long as they agree
with you; participants are adversaries; concessions are
a condition of the relationship
Agreement -
agreed points are not subject to change; one sided gains
as price of agreement
Goals -
agreement
Alternatives
- few for yourself; accept losses to reach agreement
Options -
few; ready concession
Objective
Criteria - acceptance of their criteria; ignore your
criteria for the relationship
Communication
- you agree with them
Relationships
- preservation of the relationship is key
Agreement -
the single most important item
Goals - yours
and theirs are important; good outcome for both
Alternatives
- yours are realistic; try and learn theirs
Options -
invent options for both; interests and not positions
Objective
Criteria - present facts; listen to theirs; insist on
objective criteria
Communication
- listen and confirm what is said
Relationships
- preservation of the relationship is important AND
separate the relationship from the issues; be
independent of trust
Agreement -
meets your current and ongoing needs and substantially
meets theirs; yield to principle, not pressure
Facilitator
Problem
solver
Closer
Attacker/defender
Sportsman
(may see negotiation as a game)
Opportunist
Closer
Mediator
Advisor
Friend
By what we
get?
By what they
lose?
Use of the
elements:
-
Have your
goals been met?
-
Are the
results better than your alternatives?
-
Have you
reviewed all options available?
-
Have you
used sound objective criteria?
-
Have the
parties communicated their issues and understandings
well?
-
Has a
relationship been established/maintained and/or
improved?
-
Did you
reach agreement?
-
Failure
You will not
always win
Is the
inability to reach an agreement “failure”?
When to say
“no”
When to walk
away -
Elements
checklist
Rules & case
review
Discussion
Ask for all
that you can reasonably and plausibly justify
Respect is
critical
Expressions
of feelings are OK
Be patient
Listen
Be prepared
Be flexible
Recognize:
Call the game
Play your own
Recognize:
-
Slippery no
decision types
-
Agreement
without commitment
-
Aggressive
tough guys
-
Nit-pickers
-
Liars,
brigands and thieves
Call the type
–
Results
Elements
What worked?
What didn’t?
Unfamiliar
Places
Language and
Culture
Politics and
Law
Risk
Flexibility
Agreement on
a contact person
Determining
what disciplines are involved
Agreement on
a contact person
Use of the
elements
Understand
what you wish to achieve
Seek an
alternative
Develop a
range of options
Determine
what is not acceptable, what is and why
Keep people
informed and explain requests in context with others
Remember that
you are on the same team
Seek
concurrence
III.
Putting it all together
Questions and
answers
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